File:Arms of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford.svg. Advertizing Wikipedia Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. Bedford appears as a man who is completely loyal to his brother in Henry V and is a main figure in the government of his nephew Henry VI. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful King but for the baby Henry VI. Between 1403 and 1405 grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V. On 14 June 1423, at Troyes, he married Anne, daughter of John the Fearless. On 28 July 1488, Jacquettas 12th child and 6th son, Sir Edward Woodville, Lord Scales, led the vanguard of the Breton army of Duke Francis II at the disastrous Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier against a French army equipped with massed cannons. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted . He was born in 1389. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. Biography. In any event Henry of Monmouth shook boorish habits from him as soon as he became king and went off to do what medieval English nobility expected of their monarchs he went to war with someone, gained victory and land. Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, 12. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford - definition of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford by The Free Dictionary Throughout his life he identified himself with his brother's policies, especially in pursuing English claims to the French throne. Pronunciation of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford with and more for John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. [S7] #44 Histoire de la maison royale de France anciens barons du royaume: et des grands officiers de la couronne (1726, reprint 1967-1968), Saint-Marie, Anselme de, (3rd edition. After his release, Arthur persuaded his brother Duke John of Brittany to sign a peace treaty with England, but when the English denied Arthur his patrimony, the Earldom of Richmond, he reverted to the French cause and proceeded to undermine the English war strategy by arranging the Treaty of Arras whereby Burgundy changed sides. It is unlikely anyone else put in his station could have done any better. 3950. In 1562, his grave was destroyed by Calvinists. Bolingbroke was crowned King of England, as Henry IV, on 13 October 1399. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389-14 September 1435) was the third son of Henry IV of England and brother to King Henry V of England.He was one of the leading English commanders during the Hundred Years' War.. Pernoud, Rgine. [9], In the Bedford Book of Hours,[10] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold "wood stocks" (cut tree stumps with roots), a heraldic badge of King Edward III, referring to Woodstock Palace. John's second wife, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, cousin to the Emperor (the King of Hungary), was mother to Elizabeth Woodville who may be this queen. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. About John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford "John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI." Paris: Schlessinger frres, 1863-1877), FHL microfilms 661873-661882., p. 834. In addition, out of wedlock he had a daughter named Mary, who married Pierre de Montferrand (d. 1454), son of the lord of Langoiran, Soudan de la Trau, and had issue; and a son, Richard. Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of (1389-1435). John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. The last impression one is given of Bedford by Shakespeare is a fairly positive one: he is a loyal servant of the crown who gave his life for his king, cause and country. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, 10. He had no legitimate surviving issue. [S712] #1039 Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families: with Their Collateral Branches in Denbighshire, Merionethshire (1914), Griffith, John Edwards, (Horncastle, England: W.K. 3 p. 842. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [2] He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V.[3][4]. Oxford: John Johnson, 1928), FHL book Q 929.242 W159w; FHL microfilm 1696491 it., vol. This marriage was also childless, although Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to Richard Woodville (later Earl Rivers). His wife died that year and, although he remarried the following year, he was clearly losing control of the situation in France. John of Lancaster,the man with the pudding basin haircut and rather sumptuous gown on his knees in prayer, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary Bohun. The Lady of the Rivers (The Plantagenet and Tudor Novels, #1), My Lord of Bedford, 1389 - 1435: Being the Life of John of Lancaster, First Duke of Bedford, Brother of Henry V and Regent of France, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford's photo gallery, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Sir Richard Vernon, 8th Baron of Shipbrook, Richard le Scrope, Bishop of Lichfield and Archbishop of York, Thomas Fitzalan, 5th Earl of Arundel, 10th Earl of Surrey, Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, Vernon of the Yorkist (White Rose) Faction, Basset of the Lancastrian (Red Rose) faction, General of the French Garrison at Bordeaux. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Prince John first appears in 1 Henry IV where he fights for his father at the Battle of Shrewsbury. There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham [8] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. 16 Jan. 2023 . preface lxiv. Although Queen Isabeau agreed to cede the throne of France to Henry VI, Yolande, perceiving the threat posed to Anjou by the growing power of Burgundy, took the dissenting French court and the young Charles to the safety of Provence. Today, a plaque marks its former location. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry IV, Part 2, as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1, as the Duke of Bedford. Posted on September 14, 2014 by JuliaH. [S443] #2051 Memorials of the Family of Scott of Scot's-hall in the County of Kent, Scott, James Renat, (2 volumes. Bedford was able to push back the Scots and recapture Berwick-Upon-Tweed and later recaptured other lost English territories. As a mere girl she shouldnt have been wearing trousers and she certainly shouldnt have been leading French armies that thrashed English armies. 11 T 26. John , duke of Bedford (13891435), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2007 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14844, accessed 1 Nov 2009]document.write(printCitationDate()). Bedford was declared regent, but concentrated on the ongoing war in France, while Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England during his absence. He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. - John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. This last is signed in two places by Herman Scheere. Death of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford at R Burial of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Welcome back. This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. London: Scott, Clevelands, Walthamstow, 1876), FHL book Q 929.242 Sco84sk., p. 170. It was not until 1422, upon the premature death of the king, that Bedford became a true political colossus within both England and France. There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham [6] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. Yolande was a strong early supporter of Joan of Arc, arranged Arthurs appointment as Constable of France, and deployed a female spy ring in Lorraine, Burgundy, Brittany and Charless court. 2 p. 83, vol. [5] She was executed at Rouen on 30 May 1431. Since the conditions of the Treaty of Troyes in 1420 had specified that Henry V would become King of France following the death of the French King Charles VI, it became clear that an infant would now be king of two kingdoms very soon. Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of, 1389-1435, English nobleman; third son of Henry IV of England and brother of Henry V. At the death (1422) of his brother and succession of his 9-month-old nephew, Henry VI, Bedford was designated as regent of France and protector of England. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. He continued to build up his influence and position in government throughout the remainder of his father's reign. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI . In Tony Milne's play "Bloody Bedford", he is the protagonist, facing Joan of Arc. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. Today, a plaque marks its former location. [6][a] The couple were happily married, despite being childless. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his first wife Anne. He maintained his loyalty to his father, brother and nephew until the day he died. This last is signed in two places by Herman Scheere. In June 1433, Jean died penniless and in debt. John died in 1435 during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral, near Henry the Young King. Bedford was declared regent, but concentrated on the ongoing war in France, while Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England during his absence. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. . Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. Yolande of Aragon (11 August 1384 14 November 1442) was Queen of Aragon and Naples, Duchess of Anjou and Countess of Provence. Husband of Anne de Burgundy and Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Countess Rivers The country was uniting behind their king and English allies in France were gradually deserting the English cause. Bedford's coat of arms in a manuscript containing the Livre Charny of Geoffroi de Charny and owned by the duke of Bedford (Bibliothque nationale de France, Ms Fr. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. Henry V had relied upon John when he was away fighting to rule in his absence. (January 16, 2023). Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV. In 1988, Breton nationalists erected a statue in his honour on the site. The shield is surrounded by a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin, Richard II, when his father participated in the revolt of the Lords Appellant in 1388, the year before his birth. The Oxford Companion to British History. Her name was Joan of Arc. He was buried at Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, Caux, France.[3]. He married Jacquette de Luxembourg (c1415-1472) 1433 JL Partner of NN NN, Mistress or Mistresses 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. 17294), both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 142023, which is English (British Library Add MS 42131). Historically, John was only fourteen at the time of the battle, but, considering that boys were put into battle at relatively young ages, it is possible that he may have at least been on the battlefield. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. Henry was able to capture the cities of Rouen and Caen and soon most of France was under English control. [S15] Les Valois (1990), Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick, (Villeneuve d'Ascq [France]: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 1990), FHL book 929.244 V247k., p. 367. John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg, on 22 April 1433 at Throuanne in northern France. [2] He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V.[3][4]. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. The first and second creations came in 1414 and 1433 respectively, in favour of Henry IV's third son, John, [clarification needed] who later served as regent of France. In the 2011 Philippa Gregory novel, The Lady of the Rivers, John features in a minor role as the first husband of its main character Jacquetta of Luxembourg. (Incidentally, Coco Chanel was born in Saumur.). [9], In the Bedford Book of Hours,[10] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold "wood stocks" (cut tree stumps with roots), a heraldic badge of King Edward III, referring to Woodstock Palace. Stratford, Jenny. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. 1389-1435. After he secured a peace treaty, the port city of Berwick remained in English hands and likewise many other towns and cities such as Roxburgh. He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation, and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. Refusing to surrender to be ransomed, Edward was killed with his men. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The Plantagenet family were moving ever closer to implosion. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. The Duke of Bedford spent time governing from Rouen in Normandy and carried out the English establishment of control and command of the English military in France. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. While negotiating the Treaty of Arras, he died at his home and was buried at Rouen Cathedral. 3 p. 726. John's eldest sibling was Henry of Monmouth, later King of England as Henry V. John's other siblings were Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence; Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester; Philippa; and Blanche. 3). His brother, Henry V, led a campaign against France in 1415. Much of the period of Henry VIs minority is filled with the political machinations of John and Humphrey who was created Duke of Gloucester and Earl of Pembroke. [S39] Medieval, royalty, nobility family group sheets (filmed 1996), Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window). Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 26. Reprint, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), FHL book 920.042 D561n., vol. The couple were happily married, despite being childless. The third son of King Henry IV, John was created duke of Bedford by his brother Henry V in 1414. He was forced to raise the siege of Orleans in 1429 on account of the peasant girl. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. Yolande retired to Saumur in Anjou, the site of a famous shrine to the Breton saint Aubin. In 1416, Henry placed John in command of a fleet taking supplies to Harfleur, which overcame a fleet of the Franco-Genoese navy. Collapse. Pernoud, Rgine. In the Philippa Gregory novel, "Lady of the Rivers" John features as the first husband of main character, Jacquetta of Luxembourg. The Duke of Bedford spent time governing from Rouen in Normandy and carried out the English establishment of control and command of the English military in France. The French felt there was a world of difference between a mature victorious king and a baby boy they perhaps had a point given the chaos that often resulted in England when a child was on the throne. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. 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